英语中“除了……之外”辨析

 

[孤云独闲  2008-05-14]

 

1. except

 

表示“除去，不包括”，强调所排除的内容“不包括在内”。except 常同nothing, all, none, nobody, any等不定代词以及every连用, 一般表示整体与部分之间的排除关系，即在某个整体中不包括某部分。例如：

 

We all go to the zoo except her.
除了她，我们都去了动物园。（只有她没去，而其他人都去了。）

 

The office is open every day except Sundays.
除了星期日这家公司每天都营业。

 

You can have any of the cakes except this one.
除了这块蛋糕，你哪块都能吃。

 

She saw nothing except snow.
除了雪她什么也没看见。

 

She looked everywhere except here.
除了这里，她到处看。

 

You may drop in at any time except at noon.
除了中午，你任何时候来都可以。

 

She doesn’t do anything except sit and watch TV.
除了坐着看电视外，她什么也不做。

 

He usually goes to work by bicycle except when it rains.
除了下雨的时候，他通常骑自行车去上班。

 

I know nothing about it except what I have read in the papers.
除了在报上读到的以外,我对这件事一无所知。

 

His report is correct except that some details are omitted.
除了有些细节未提到之外,他的报导是正确的。

 

2. except for

 

(1) 也表示“除…以外”，表示提到的内容“不包括在内”。它的特点是：except for 表示的是部分与细节的关系，可以看作是一个补充性的说明。例如:

 

I can answer all the questions except for the last one.
除了最后一题外，所有题目我都可以解答。

 

Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes.
除了几处语法错误外，你的作文写得很好。

 

The meal was excellent except for the first course.
这顿饭好极了，只是第一道菜稍差。

 

The room was very cold and, except for Jack, entirely empty.
这个房间很阴冷，而且除了杰克，完全是空荡荡的。

 

(2) except for 有时也可以指“除了有……之外，就不”，它所提到的内容“包括在内”。此时，它的的意思与except 意义相同。

 

The office was in darkness except for the solitary light above his desk.
除了他的书桌上的太阳灯之外，整个办公室一片黑暗。

 

The room was bare of furniture except for a few chairs.
除了几张椅子之外，整个房间没有别的家具。

 

Now the wood was silent except for the leaves.
除了树叶声之外，整个林子没有声音。

 

Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.
除了一个老太太之外，公共汽车上空无一人。

 

3. except that...

 

except that...与except 意思相同，也翻译为“除了”、不包括在内。但不同的是
except that...后面接从句。

 

She remembered nothing except that his hair was black.
她什么都不记得，只记得他的头发是黑的。

 

He has always been in good health except that he has had a slight headache in the past few days.
除了在过去几天里有些头痛之外，他身体一直很好。

 

It was a good hotel except that it was rather noisy.
这家旅馆还不错，只可惜吵。

 

4. besides, in addition to

 

也翻译为“除了”，但它表示提到的内容“包括在内”。

 

We all go to the zoo besides her.
除了她，我们也都去了动物园。（不仅她去了，我们也去了。）

 

I have five other books besides this.
除这本以外, 我还有五本别的书。

 

She knows Japanese besides English.
除了懂英语，她还懂日语。

 

Besides milk and cheese, we need vegetables.
除了牛奶和干酪外，我们还需要蔬菜。

 

People choose jobs for other reasons besides money.
人们选择工作除了金钱之外还有其它原因。

 

In addition to giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience. 
课程除了一般介绍电脑知识外，还提供实际操作的机会。
 
In addition to a diet, she pursues various exercises on TV. 
节食以外她还随电视做体操。

 

5. but, other than

 

也表示“除了……之外”，提到的内容不包括在内。

 

Everyone attended the meeting but Mary.
大家都出席了这次会议，但玛丽不在其列。

 

There is no one here but me. 
 除我以外，没人在这。
 
But for the safety-belt I wouldn't be alive today. 
若没有安全带，我就不能活到今天。

 

As for lunch, other than Tuesday, any day works for me.
至于午饭的事，除了星期二，哪一天都行。

 

I can't do other than obey.
除了服从，我别无他法。

 

You can't get to the island other than by boat.
要去那座岛，除了搭船以外，别无他法。

 

6. apart from

 

其含义主要依据上下文而定，有时可与except换用，有时可代替besides.

 

Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs. 
 他除了脸部和双手受伤以外，两条腿也断了。 (包括, besides)
 
There was one street apart from a tributary road near the end of the village. 
 除了村子尽头的岔道外，还有一条大路。  (包括, besides)
 
It's a good piece of work, apart from a few slight faults. 
 除了一些小缺点之外，这不失为一件漂亮的工作。 (不包括, except)
 
Apart from the coat, the hat doesn't suit me.
除价钱太贵，这帽子也不适合我戴。  (不包括, except)